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Several side of Chinese political philosophy
Author: Zhang Xuezhi
Source: “Modern Philosophy” Issue 6, 2021
Abstract: The characteristic of Chinese political philosophy is that the specific regulations on managing the country are discussed and stipulated in a relatively sufficient way, and the country The political sentiment is discussed less; the central centralized power has been implemented for a long time, and individuals have never moved forward in Chinese politics. Politics is the checks and balancers of the group, which balances the benefits of the group, and it also benefits individuals indirectly, lacks the contractual consciousness that emerges from the game of high and low energy, emphasizes moral governance, values gifts, and has long roots in the roots of the basic thinking. These characteristics lead to problems such as inducing and reversing, opposing and adhering to the contrary, ensuring good governance, and governance.
Author introduction: Zhang Xuezhi, a Chinese native of Ningxia, a doctor of literature, and was taught by the Department of Philosophy (Department of Religion) in Beijing
1. Characteristics of Chinese political philosophy
In the Chinese civilization category, politics is the field that has the most wisdom and has gained a long and sufficient development in the past. Due to the unique characteristics of the Chinese civilization gene, Chinese political philosophy is developing “This child!” The neighborhood is helplessly slamming, “Then go back, the small end has different characteristics from the East. Because China’s main body is engaged in farming. The characteristic of farming people is that they are attached to the ground, along with the groundBaobao WebsiteThe plate is developing more and more, and it is growing more and more. It is formed by a clan with blood as its newborn. It is composed of multiple clans and tribes, and it is composed of tribes. The alliance formed the earliest country. The formation of the tribal alliance was led by a more prestigious tribe, so it formed a tradition that emphasizes both Germany and power in Chinese politics. Since it first engages in farming, its relationship with heaven is the most closely related; because it first works in clan tribal life官网, so he has a special emotion for his ancestors and sacrifices Baobao.com RecommendationThe laying activities occupy a major position. The various dance and musical festivals in the memorial service formed a later-formed gift system. In addition to commemorating Liuhe and ancestors, mountains, rivers, ground plates, crops, flowers and trees, and livestock, which are closely related to agricultural activities, have become objects of memorial and gratitude. The polytheistic religion that is composed of polytheistic religions that bless people’s life with strong practical goals has no monotheistic religion like Christianity and the religious energy that is characterized by the personal divine nature of the world on this shore. These civilizational characteristics have a decisive influence on the political philosophy that constitutes China.
In terms of political personality, Chinese political thinking has a very good relationship with the EastDifferences. Some scholars point out that there are three aspects of Eastern political thinking that do not exist in Chinese political thinking: the first aspect is the broad and balanced concept. Specifically, one is the balance between politics and laws, that is, the pursuit of the rule of law, and the other is the balance between power, that is, the cancellation of the concept of “fixed into one”; The second aspect is to protect personal favors through laws and political methods, and personal favors rise to power and become the middle of political concern; the third aspect is a strong emotional color, and its classic expression is to master and govern various affairs of humanities and society through natural science [1]. This theory has its roots and it involves two basic characteristics of Chinese political thinking.
First, the origin of laws.
Although laws are the main result of human civilization, they live in the world and the development and progress of human civilization. laws are the most basic guarantees for the normal movement of the country and the rights and duties of people of all levels of society to be protected. In modern Chinese society, politics has always been in the middle of various social facilities, and those who grasp national rights have the power to make and amend laws. Generally speaking, decrees are not the basis of national administration. Its main effect is that powerful people should not touch the law and punish violations of the law. Those who make laws are usually senior officials, and legislative activities are also guided by political power. Judicial is a part of administration and has no independent position. Later generations had special officials who promoted the criminal lieutenant, but the office was under the authority and was also led by the vertical leadership of the Central Justice Department. From the entire country, legislation and justice are still under the direct guidance of the authorities. During the long period of the pre-Qin period, each country had its own legal system, and the laws and regulations issued by the Zhou emperor as the Communist Party of China were difficult to follow in each country. Qin Shihuang established the 16th country, established the Qin Dynasty, and adopted the Legalist thinking to govern the country. “Without writings of books and laws as teachings; without the words of the previous kings, officials as teachers” (“Korean Fazi·Five Worms”), and implemented severe punishments and laws. However, because of the strict usage and the harsh use of the method, the Crime Network led to everyone’s emphasis on the best and standing up, fearing the law like a tiger, and thinking and actions were too difficult, which eventually aroused Chen and Wu Guang to rise up, leading to the rapid reign of the Qin Dynasty and the death of the second generation, which also left a verbal argument for later generations’ opposition to the law of the law. The convergence of Confucianism and Law, or even the yang Confucianism and Law became the main governance method in later generations. In China’s long history, the law never had its own time. Correspondingly, the separation of legislative, judicial and administrative powers like Oriental have never appeared. The rule of law has never been the main value fantasy and practical concept. In China’s political career in the past, Chinese history has accepted this form of politics, including laws, administrative regulations, legislation and justice, and has formed a strong ideological setting and civilization tradition.
Another major feature of Chinese social history is that the national situation of a unified centralized centralized power has been around for a long time, and the overall changes have not been large, and there is less restraint on the power of the emperor. The above-mentioned Chinese SocietyIt will be a small country from a clan, tribe, and tribe alliance. It will be a big country from a small country. Xia, Shang and Zhou are all such countries. They all implement the unified leadership of emperors who are extended and expanded by clans, chiefs, and tribe alliance leaders. As the saying goes, “Who is not a monarch and minister” (“Zuozhi·Seventh Year of Zhaogong”), presents a situation of weak politics and strong governance. The so-called political path refers to the organizational situation of the state’s political rights; the so-called governance path refers to the way and laws to manage the country after the political rights are established. China has implemented a large central centralized country for a long time. Even in the Western Zhou Dynasty, where the feudal system was the most sage, and when the king and kings were invincible, the Zhou emperor was still the nominal communist nationwide, and still regarded respecting the communist as the right thing. It can be said that China’s own country implemented a large imperial situation until the end of the Qing Dynasty, and the central centralized state of China lasted for 4,000 years. Although there are small differences between precious tribe politics and imperial specialization in the middle, the monarchy will never exist. In the eyes of the Oriental Society, where political situations and national organizational situations continue to evolve and new information are being replaced, this is unconceivable, and it is called “super stable structure.” Since the Shang Dynasty, China has already had a more completed criminal law and lawsuit system; by the Western Zhou Dynasty, China’s legal thinking and judicial system have reached a relatively high level. In terms of legal thinking, the Zhou Dynasty taught the Shang Dynasty that the lewd and indomitable teachings and lost the power of the country. Based on the Xia and Shang Dynasty’s “Heavenly Punishment” and “Heavenly Punishment”, it proposed the political and legal proposition of “using the Yuan to comply with the heaven” and “clear virtue and prudence”, which emphasized the guidance and influence of human politics on the destiny of heaven, and advocated the establishment of the country with virtue as the basis, and the political and legal propositions were mainly to cultivate the customs and customs, and punishment was only an assistant. In terms of political situation, the patriarchal system with blood as the newborn was